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Gallery Text

Here Gyokusen charts the cyclical course of the moon, rhythmically waxing and waning through the seasonal skies in four hanging scrolls. Although his palette of bruised ink washes and golden mists foregrounds the moon’s long-established poetic symbolism, the specificity of the lunar forms—two full and two waning gibbous moons—reflects a more empirical approach. The silk mountings are painted with traditional seasonal emblems to locate the otherwise temporally ambiguous subject in particular times of year. Progressing right to left, spring is marked with cherry blossoms, summer with a cuckoo, autumn by returning geese, and winter with falling snow.

Identification and Creation

Object Number
TL42642.10
People
Mochizuki Gyokusen 望月玉泉, Japanese (1834 - 1913)
Title
Moons of the Four Seasons
Classification
Paintings
Work Type
hanging scroll, painting
Date
1911
Places
Creation Place: East Asia, Japan
Period
Meiji era, 1868-1912
Culture
Japanese
Persistent Link
https://hvrd.art/o/340402

Location

Location
Level 2, Room 2600, East Asian Art, East Asian Painting and Decorative Arts
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Physical Descriptions

Medium
Set of four hanging scrolls; ink, light color, gold, and silver on silk
Dimensions
each scroll mounting, including roller ends and suspension cord: H. 189 × W. 49.5 cm (74 7/16 × 19 1/2 in.)
Inscriptions and Marks
  • inscription: painting "Winter": 明治四十有四年仲春 玉泉作 [Painted by Gyokusen in the second lunar month of Meiji 44]
  • seal: painting "Spring"; upper; square, intaglio: 源重岑 [Minamoto Shigemine]
  • seal: painting "Spring"; lower; square, relief
    : 玉泉 [Gyokusen]
  • seal: painting "Summer"; upper; jar-shaped, relief: 一 [Ichi]
  • seal: painting "Summer"; lower; square, intaglio: 玉泉 [Gyokusen]
  • seal: painting "Autumn"; upper; jar-shaped, relief: 一 [Ichi]
  • seal: painting "Autumn"; lower; square, intaglio: 玉泉 [Gyokusen]
  • seal: painting "Winter"; upper; square, intaglio: 源重岑 [Minamoto Shigemine]
  • seal: painting "Winter"; lower;
    square, relief: 玉泉 [Gyokusen]
  • signature: spring: 七十六翁玉泉作 [By seventy-six-year-old Gyokusen]

Acquisition and Rights

Credit Line
Promised gift of Robert S. and Betsy G. Feinberg
Object Number
TL42642.10
Division
Asian and Mediterranean Art
Contact
am_asianmediterranean@harvard.edu
Permissions

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Descriptions

Commentary
Scroll a: Spring. Full moon seen through a misty night sky. The mount illustrates a budding willow tree in moonlight. The thin textile bands (ichimonji) are actually cherry blossoms painted in silver and gold.
Scroll b: Summer. A three-quarter moon in summer sky. The mount shows a small cuckoo (hototogisu) flying in the clouds over a stream. The painted ichimonji are of summer flowers.
Scroll c: Autumn. A full clear harvest moon rises over the autumn grasses shown in the mount. Ichimonji illustrate the autumnal theme of geese flying over reeds.
Scroll d: Winter. A three-quarter moon is depicted in a stormy sky. On the mount, light snow falls on a fallow rice field. Ichimonji reflect the winter theme in the choice of pine needles and pine cones.

Publication History

  • Musée Cernuschi, Le Japon au fil des saisons: Collection Robert et Betsy Feinberg, exh. cat., Paris-Musées (Paris, 2014), pp. 140-143
  • Emma Giuliani, Quatre saisons au Japon: Un livre anime, Musée Cernuschi (Paris, 2014)
  • Rachel Saunders and Yukio Lippit, Painting Edo: Selections from the Feinberg Collection of Japanese Art, exh. cat. (Cambridge, MA, 2020), p. 90, fig. 79
  • Rachel Saunders, ed., Catalogue of the Feinberg Collection of Japanese Art, brochure, Harvard Art Museums (Cambridge, 2021), pp. 66-67, cat. 56

Exhibition History

Verification Level

This record has been reviewed by the curatorial staff but may be incomplete. Our records are frequently revised and enhanced. For more information please contact the Division of Asian and Mediterranean Art at am_asianmediterranean@harvard.edu