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Identification and Creation

Object Number
1977.216.2305
Title
Herakles
Other Titles
Former Title: Warrior Figurine, Probably Herakles
Classification
Sculpture
Work Type
sculpture, statuette
Date
5th-2nd century BCE
Places
Creation Place: Ancient & Byzantine World, Europe, Etruria
Period
Classical period to Hellenistic
Culture
Etruscan
Persistent Link
https://hvrd.art/o/310713

Physical Descriptions

Medium
Leaded bronze
Technique
Cast, lost-wax process
Dimensions
9.9 cm (3 7/8 in.)
Technical Details

Chemical Composition: ICP-MS/AAA data from sample, Leaded Bronze:
Cu, 71.43; Sn, 9.28; Pb, 18.8; Zn, 0.007; Fe, 0.06; Ni, 0.03; Ag, 0.05; Sb, 0.09; As, 0.23; Bi, less than 0.025; Co, 0.026; Au, less than 0.01; Cd, less than 0.001
J. Riederer

Technical Observations: The patina is a predominantly brownish green surface with patches of green malachite. Losses of the surface expose an eroded black layer underneath. The statuette is missing the weapon he would have held in his right hand, while the peg extensions and the bottoms of the feet were recently filed. Numerous casting flaws, such as large open pits, are present, especially on the proper left arm.

This Herakles is a solid cast made by the lost-wax process, and the designs were done in the wax model prior to casting. Some cold work, such as burnishing, was done after casting.


Carol Snow and Nina Vinogradskaya (submitted 2002)

Provenance

Recorded Ownership History
Henry W. Haynes, Boston, MA, (by 1912), bequest; to the Harvard University Department of Classics, (1912-1977), transferred; to Fogg Art Museum, 1977.

Acquisition and Rights

Credit Line
Harvard Art Museums/Arthur M. Sackler Museum, Transfer from the Department of the Classics, Harvard University, Bequest of Henry W. Haynes, 1912
Accession Year
1977
Object Number
1977.216.2305
Division
Asian and Mediterranean Art
Contact
am_asianmediterranean@harvard.edu
Permissions

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Descriptions

Published Catalogue Text: Ancient Mediterranean and Near Eastern Bronzes at the Harvard Art Museums
Herakles stands with his left foot out and turned, while his right foot is back. His right arm is upraised holding the end of a club, which is missing. His left arm is extended downward at his side with a stylized, triangular lion skin hanging down from it. Toes are slightly indicated; fingers are not. The molded portions of the musculature are naturalistic but not brawny and are relatively undetailed, apart from the incised circular nipples. The face is molded and proportionate; eyes, nose, mouth, and eyebrows are indicated. His hair is uncovered and is represented in straight rows.

Statuettes showing Herakles in an attacking stance like this are very common in the ancient world (1). The god may have had a connection with cultivation in early Italy (2).

NOTES:

1. See A.-M. Adam, Bronzes étrusques et italiques (Paris, 1984) 180-92, nos. 271-95; and A. Naso, I bronzi etruschi e italici del Römisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum, Kataloge vor- und frühgeschichtlicher Altertümer 33 (Mainz, 2003) 37-43, nos. 48-61, 63-64, and 66-67, pls. 21-24.

2. S. J. Schwarz, “Herakles/Hercle,” Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae 5.1: 196-253, esp. 197; F. van Wonterghem, “Le culte d’Hercule chez les Paeligni documents anciens et nouveaux,” L’Antiquité classique 42.1 (1973): 36-48; F. Jurgeit, Die etruskischen und italischen Bronzen sowie Gegenstände aus Eisen, Blei, und Leder im Badischen Landesmuseum Karlsruhe, Terra Italia 5 (Pisa, 1999) 56-69, nos. 61-89, pls. 21-28.

Jane A. Scott and Lisa M. Anderson

Publication History

  • D. Barrett Tanner, "Etruscan Art in the Fogg Museum", Bulletin of the Fogg Art Museum (1933), Vol. 3, No. 1, 12-17, p. 14, fig. 5.

Exhibition History

  • 32Q: 2540 Renaissance, Harvard Art Museums, Cambridge, 07/18/2018 - 11/15/2018

Subjects and Contexts

  • Ancient Bronzes

Verification Level

This record has been reviewed by the curatorial staff but may be incomplete. Our records are frequently revised and enhanced. For more information please contact the Division of Asian and Mediterranean Art at am_asianmediterranean@harvard.edu