Chemical Composition: ICP-MS/AAA data from sample, Leaded Bronze:
Cu, 88.99; Sn, 6.7; Pb, 3.98; Zn, 0.014; Fe, 0.02; Ni, 0.04; Ag, 0.06; Sb, 0.07; As, 0.1; Bi, less than 0.025; Co, 0.031; Au, less than 0.01; Cd, less than 0.001
J. Riederer
Chemical Composition: XRF data from Artax 1
Alloy: Bronze
Alloying Elements: copper, tin
Other Elements: lead, iron, arsenic
XRF data from Tracer
Alloy: Leaded Bronze
Alloying Elements: copper, tin, lead
Other Elements: iron, nickel, silver, antimony, arsenic
K. Eremin, January 2014
Technical Observations: The patina consists of thin layers of black and brown. Small areas of red are present on the stag. The slightly pitted surface of the bronze and the thin, dark patina indicate the surfaces may have been electrolytically stripped of corrosion products. The red on the stag could be the only remaining original layer, and patches of a thin gray-green layer are all that remain on the rider.
The modern glue join between stag and rider is not perfectly matched and could point to a pastiche combining two unrelated elements. The patinas are similar but not identical.
Both pieces are solid lost-wax casts from models made directly in wax. The stripped surface is too poorly preserved to know the extent of any possible cold working.
Henry Lie (submitted 2012)
