Chemical Composition: XRF data from Tracer
Alloy: Leaded Bronze
Alloying Elements: copper, tin, lead
Other Elements: iron
K. Eremin, January 2014
Chemical Composition: ICP-MS/AAA data from sample, Leaded Bronze:
Cu, 90.21; Sn, 6.83; Pb, 2.65; Zn, 0.017; Fe, 0.23; Ni, less than 0.005; Ag, 0.03; Sb, 0.03; As, less than 0.10; Bi, less than 0.025; Co, less than 0.005; Au, less than 0.01; Cd, less than 0.001
J. Riederer
Technical Observations: These four bracelets (1992.312, 1992.313, 1992.314, and 1992.315) feature repeated nodular bands made to look like a sequence of alternating rounded and cylindrical concave beads. There is a larger slightly hollowed cup-like terminal at each end. The terminals face each other but are not joined. Each bracelet was cast in one piece. Exactly how the models were shaped is not clear, but the shapes appear to have been modeled in wax. The scored areas between the nodules preserve an unidentified hard brownish-black material that resembles putty. A very worn decorated band with traces of dots and zigzags also runs around each of the cup-shaped terminals and preserves traces of a similar material. It is unclear whether the decorations were made in the wax or in the metal.
The surface of 1992.312 is very worn and has oxidized to a dark brown with reddish areas and a few of green, suggesting that the object was at some point cleaned to a bright metal. One side of 1992.312 is much more smoothed down than the other, and there is a clearly visible loss of material on the worn side that has resulted in the loss of definition on many of the beads, exposing the bare metal. How or why this occurred is not clear. However, this wear pattern has not been distributed evenly across the whole bracelet. One end of the bracelet also shows a spiraling pattern of wear that finishes in a slight dent and thinning of the terminal. This wear is mirrored on the other terminal. On 1992.313, the wear is even more pronounced. The putty-like remains bleed over the edges, and the two ends seem to join more closely, possibly suggesting that they may even have been stuck together at some point. The inscribed edges of its terminals are also badly worn bear marks of flattening.
1992.314 and 1992.315 are similar to 1992.312 and 1992.313, except that they have slightly different decorative patterns, and 1992.315 is slightly smaller. The nodular band is continuous and does not have the alternating bands separating the nodular beads. Each bead bears a stamped dot and circle, except where it has been worn away, and a curved inscribed line. These decorations were done on both sides of the piece but were worn down on many of the bracelets, as on 1992.312 and 1992.313. Remains of the dark material in the grooves mentioned above can be found in parts of these decorative bands as well. 1992.314 has a similar pattern of wear as 1992.312 and 1992.313, but 1992.315 still preserves all of its modeling in the round in spite of some surface wear. It also has more extensive reddish corrosion on the surface, along with corresponding pitting.
Francesca G. Bewer (submitted 2012)
