Chemical Composition: ICP-MS/AAA data from sample, Mixed Copper Alloy:
Point 1: Cu, 71.72; Sn, 3.64; Pb, 13.13; Zn, 9.89; Fe, 0.93; Ni, 0.05; Ag, 0.09; Sb, 0.14; As, 0.3; Bi, less than 0.025; Co, 0.012; Au, 0.098; Cd, less than 0.001
ICP-MS/AAA data from sample, Leaded Bronze:
Point 2: Cu, 71.25; Sn, 7.27; Pb, 21.1; Zn, 0.005; Fe, less than 0.01; Ni, 0.01; Ag, 0.05; Sb, 0.19; As, 0.13; Bi, less than 0.025; Co, less than 0.005; Au, less than 0.01; Cd, less than 0.001
J. Riederer
Technical Observations: The patina is a dark brownish green with isolated spots of bright green corrosion, along with some brownish encrustations from burial. The surface of the upper cup portion is more uneven and shows more reddish oxides than the lower section, which includes the shaft, base, and feet. One leg and a portion of the base are missing, and a jagged edge and blind cracks are present along the damage, indicating brittleness of the cast bronze.
The candelabrum was cast in two sections: 1) the upper cup portion and 2) the shaft, base, and feet. The models for the two portions were shaped and finished by turning, including the decorative lines on the surface. The two sections were joined with solder, which was probably lead, where the shaft fits inside the cup. This solder appears to be modern, although burial dirt is on top of the solder in places. This dirt may have been added after excavation. A gray material can be seen inside the shaft through and inside the two extant feet.
Carol Snow and Nina Vinogradskaya (submitted 2002)
