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Identification and Creation

Object Number
1919.603
Title
Overseer ushabti belonging to Khonsuenrenep
Classification
Sculpture
Work Type
sculpture, statuette
Date
11th-10th century BCE
Places
Creation Place: Ancient & Byzantine World, Africa, Egypt (Ancient)
Period
Third Intermediate Period
Culture
Egyptian
Persistent Link
https://hvrd.art/o/292801

Physical Descriptions

Medium
Clay with paint
Technique
Mold-made

Acquisition and Rights

Credit Line
Harvard Art Museums/Arthur M. Sackler Museum, Gift of Mr. & Mrs. William de Forest Thomson
Accession Year
1919
Object Number
1919.603
Division
Asian and Mediterranean Art
Contact
am_asianmediterranean@harvard.edu
Permissions

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Descriptions

Commentary
This ushabti belonged to an ancient Egyptian man named Khonsuenrenep. It is inscribed with his name. Khonsuenrenep was buried in the group tomb known as Bab el-Gasus, “Gate of the Priests,” in Luxor (ancient Thebes), along with about 150 other members of the ancient Egyptian priesthood.

Ushabtis are ancient Egyptian funerary figurines that were buried with a deceased person (the owner) and designed to perform tasks for them in the afterlife. They were usually inscribed with the owner’s name. They were believed to be “activated” when the deceased owner recited a portion of the Book of the Dead that explained the ushabti’s duties, which is sometimes inscribed on them (see 2019.354 for an example of this text). In such inscriptions, the deceased person is referred to as the “illuminated Osiris”—a gesture toward the hope that they would be resurrected like the god Osiris and everlasting like the sun. Ushabtis were almost always made in sets so that there would be many figurines to serve the deceased person. A full set comprised 401 ushabtis: one “worker” ushabti for every day of the year, plus one “overseer” ushabti for every ten, to make sure the rest were doing their jobs. This ushabti is an overseer.

You might sometimes see the word ushabti spelled as “shawabty” or “shabti”; these are the same type of object.

Verification Level

This record was created from historic documentation and may not have been reviewed by a curator; it may be inaccurate or incomplete. Our records are frequently revised and enhanced. For more information please contact the Division of Asian and Mediterranean Art at am_asianmediterranean@harvard.edu