Harvard Art Museums > BR54.117: Woman of Mixed Race Paintings Collections Search Exit Deep Zoom Mode Zoom Out Zoom In Reset Zoom Full Screen Add to Collection Order Image Copy Link Copy Citation Citation"Woman of Mixed Race (Emil Nolde) , BR54.117,” Harvard Art Museums collections online, Dec 23, 2024, https://hvrd.art/o/223804. This object does not yet have a description. Gallery Text A growing metropolis in the early 20th century, Berlin attracted diverse ethnic groups, particularly in the realms of art and theater. When he visited, Nolde avidly depicted scenes of modern urban life, including this portrait of a stage performer. The bright yellow circle surrounding the woman like a halo evokes a mirror, and the garish orange of the background reflects the gaslight backstage. Nolde’s title for this painting refers to the subject’s mixed-race heritage. In common use then, the term is now considered offensive for the way it devalues people based on their Black ancestry. The year Nolde painted this work, 1913, was the same year legislation was passed in Germany that made “German blood” the sole criterion for citizenship, as a way to exclude Germans of African descent — a law that was changed only in 2000. Represented here in vibrant colors, the unnamed subject lived and worked in Germany despite having no legal protection. Race is central to recent deconstructions of Nolde’s self-stylized myth. He openly supported the National Socialists, even after they officially denounced his work and included this painting in the infamous “Degenerate Art” exhibition in 1937. Ironically, in spite of the artist’s own antisemitism and his support for the Nazi party, his painting has become a familiar symbol of the art they so vigorously suppressed. Identification and Creation Object Number BR54.117 People Emil Nolde, German (Nolde, Germany 1867 - 1956 Seebüll, Germany) Title Woman of Mixed Race Other Titles Original Language Title: Mulattin Former Title: Mulatto Former Title: The Mulatto Classification Paintings Work Type painting Date 1913 Culture German Persistent Link https://hvrd.art/o/223804 Location Location Level 1, Room 1500, Modern and Contemporary Art, Art in Germany Between the Wars View this object's location on our interactive map Physical Descriptions Medium Oil on canvas Dimensions 77.5 x 73 cm (30 1/2 x 28 3/4 in.) framed: 91.4 x 87.2 x 3 cm (36 x 34 5/16 x 1 3/16 in.) Inscriptions and Marks Signed: signed on recto at l.l.: Nolde inscription: On stretcher verso, in black paint: Emil Nolde "Mulatin" label: On stretcher verso: Feigl Gallery / 601 Madison Ave / New York City / Emil NOLDE / "Mulatto" / No. 803 Provenance Recorded Ownership History Rosy and Ludwig Fischer, Frankfurt am Main, (?-1924,) sold; to the Städtisches Museum Moritzburg, Halle, (1924-1937), removed from the collection by the National Socialist (Nazi) authorities, 1937 (EK 16048). Private collection, Germany, sold; [Feigl Gallery], 1954, sold; to Busch-Reisinger Museum, 1954. Acquisition and Rights Credit Line Harvard Art Museums/Busch-Reisinger Museum, G. David Thompson Fund Copyright © Nolde Stiftung Seebüll, Germany Accession Year 1954 Object Number BR54.117 Division Modern and Contemporary Art Contact am_moderncontemporary@harvard.edu Permissions The Harvard Art Museums encourage the use of images found on this website for personal, noncommercial use, including educational and scholarly purposes. To request a higher resolution file of this image, please submit an online request. Publication History Charles L. Kuhn, German Expressionism and Abstract Art, Harvard University Press (Cambridge, MA, 1957), frontispiece, pp. ix, 60 Paintings, Sculpture and Drawings from the Fogg Art Museum, exh. cat., Albright-Knox Art Gallery (Buffalo, NY, 1967), cat. 46 Charles Werner Haxthausen, "The Busch-Reisinger Museum, Harvard: the Germanic Tradition", Apollo (May 1978), vol. 107, no. 195, pp. 403-413, p. 410 Expressionism: A German Intuition 1905-1920, exh. cat., The Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation (New York, 1980), p. 67, cat. 33, ill. (color) Charles Werner Haxthausen, The Busch-Reisinger Museum, Harvard University, Abbeville Press (New York, NY, 1980), p. 32, repr. p. 33 Kristin A. Mortimer and William G. Klingelhofer, Harvard University Art Museums: A Guide to the Collections, Harvard University Art Museums and Abbeville Press (Cambridge and New York, 1986), no. 373, p. 313, repr. Peter Nisbet and Emilie Norris, Busch-Reisinger Museum: History and Holdings, Harvard University Art Museums (Cambridge, MA, 1991), p. 64, ill. Sabrina Abate Detmar, "Drei Beispiele von Frauendarstellung in Bildern des Primitivismus : Paul Gauguins "Poèmes barbares", 1896, Erich Heckels "Genesende", 1913 und Emil Noldes "Mulattin", 1913" (2004) Peter Nisbet and Joseph Koerner, The Busch-Reisinger Museum, Harvard University Art Museums, ed. Peter Nisbet, Harvard University Art Museums and Scala Publishers Ltd. (Cambridge, MA and London, England, 2007), p. 171 Bauhaus Meister Moderne: Das Comeback, exh. cat., Kunstmuseum Moritzburg, Halle (Saale) and E.A. Seemann Verlag (Leipzig, 2019), pp. 31, 109, 253, cat. no. III/16, fig. 116, ill. (color) Exhibition History Paintings, Sculpture and Drawings from the Fogg Art Museum, Albright-Knox Art Gallery, Buffalo, 05/08/1967 - 06/11/1967 Works from the 20th Century Collection of the Busch-Reisinger, National Gallery of Art, Washington, 06/15/1980 - 09/01/1980; Wildenstein Gallery, New York, New York, 09/23/1980 - 10/24/1980 Expressionism: A German Intuition, Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, 11/14/1980 - 01/18/1981; San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, 02/19/1981 - 04/26/1981 Deutsche Kunst des 20. Jahrhunderts aus dem Busch-Reisinger Museum, Stadtische Galerie im Stadelschen Kunstinstitut, Frankfurt, 10/23/1982 - 01/16/1983; Bauhaus-Archiv, Berlin 30, 02/10/1983 - 04/17/1983; Kunstmuseum Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, 05/08/1983 - 06/26/1983 "Degenerate Art": The Fate of the Avant Garde in Nazi Germany, The Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, 06/20/1991 - 09/08/1991 Modern Art at Harvard, Bunkamura Museum of Art, Tokyo, 07/31/1999 - 09/26/1999; Takamatsu City Museum of Art, Kagawa, 10/09/1999 - 11/14/1999; Matsuzakaya Art Museum, Nagoya, 12/02/1999 - 12/27/1999; Oita City Museum, Oita, 01/06/2000 - 02/06/2000; Museum of Modern Art, Ibaraki, Ibaraki, 02/11/2000 - 03/26/2000 Re-View: S118 European & American Art since 1900, Harvard Art Museums/Arthur M. Sackler Museum, Cambridge, 09/13/2008 - 04/09/2011 Re-View: European and American Art Since 1900, Harvard Art Museums/Arthur M. Sackler Museum, Cambridge, 05/03/2011 - 06/01/2013 32Q: 1500 Art in Germany Between the Wars (Expressionism-Interwar), Harvard Art Museums, Cambridge, 11/16/2014 - 08/05/2019; Harvard Art Museums, Cambridge, 09/04/2021 - 01/01/2050 Bauhaus Masters Modernism. The Comeback, Kunstmuseum Moritzburg, Halle (Saale), Halle (Saale), 09/29/2019 - 01/12/2020 Subjects and Contexts ReFrame Related Media "Re-View" Guide By Cell audio tour: The Mulatto, Emil Nolde [BR54.117] Verification Level This record has been reviewed by the curatorial staff but may be incomplete. Our records are frequently revised and enhanced. For more information please contact the Division of Modern and Contemporary Art at am_moderncontemporary@harvard.edu
