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Identification and Creation

Object Number
1998.15.14
Title
Warrior
Classification
Sculpture
Work Type
statuette, sculpture
Date
6th-4th century BCE
Places
Creation Place: Ancient & Byzantine World, Europe, Etruria
Period
Iron Age
Culture
Italic
Persistent Link
https://hvrd.art/o/212480

Physical Descriptions

Medium
Copper alloy
Technique
Cast, lost-wax process
Dimensions
15.4 x 5 x 2.4 cm (6 1/16 x 1 15/16 x 15/16 in.)
Technical Details

Technical Observations: The surface is in good condition with many fine details of finishing marks in the metal preserved. The patina is green with areas of red.

Although the separate elements of the object are flat in shape and give the appearance of having been cut from a bronze sheet. They are of different thicknesses, and it is likely that the two components were lost-wax cast. The arms and body are c. 2.4 mm thick, but the neck, head, and legs, which are in different planes from the body, are up to 4.0 mm thick. The penis projects 4.0 mm out from the body and appears integrally cast rather than attached. A separately cast attachment would have been inserted into the hole in the hand, with the butt end of the implement projecting through the back of the hand. There is no solder or obvious weld material present, and it is likely that it was pressure-fit into the hole. The punch marks representing the eyes, nipples, and navel are very similar to one another and may have been made with a single punch of two concentric circles, one 0.5 mm and the other 1.6 mm. Almost the entire surface is finished with crude file marks. The notch depicting the mouth is covered with corrosion products, but it was probably made with a file.


Henry Lie (submitted 2001)

Provenance

Recorded Ownership History
From the collection of William A. Koshland

Acquisition and Rights

Credit Line
Harvard Art Museums/Arthur M. Sackler Museum, Bequest of William A. Koshland
Accession Year
1998
Object Number
1998.15.14
Division
Asian and Mediterranean Art
Contact
am_asianmediterranean@harvard.edu
Permissions

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Descriptions

Published Catalogue Text: Ancient Mediterranean and Near Eastern Bronzes at the Harvard Art Museums
The highly stylized warrior is nude except for a helmet, which is indicated by the piriform crest on top of the statuette (1). The head and neck are undifferentiated, consisting of a simple bar connecting to the torso. Three small circles on the torso indicate nipples and navel, while the genitalia are modeled. The left arm is short (1.7 cm long) and tapers to a point (5mm down to 1 mm); the right arm is longer (2.7 cm) and broader (5 mm), with no taper, and ends in a hole used for attaching a weapon, likely a spear. The torso is flat and branches into two legs, which end with feet protruding in the front and tangs for insertion into a mount below them.

When the warrior originally came to the Harvard Art Museums, it had another element attached to the hole in the hand. This element proved to be the head of a similar figurine, although at a much smaller scale. The two have since been separated (see 1998.15.14.1).

Statues and statuettes of warriors in an attacking stance are quite common and range from highly developed—for instance Harvard’s 1977.216.2310—to very abstract, such as the present example (2).

NOTES:

1. Compare A.-M. Adam, Bronzes étrusques et italiques (Paris, 1984) 175, no. 260; A. Caravale, Museo Claudio Faina di Orvieto: Bronzetti votivi (Milan, 2003) 66-68, nos. 46-50; G. Colonna, Bronzi votivi umbro-sabellici a figura umana 1: Periodo “arcaico” (Florence, 1970) 100-103, no. 285, pl. 72; and M. Comstock and C. C. Vermeule, Sculpture in Stone: The Greek, Roman and Etruscan Collections of the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston (Boston, 1976) 175-76, nos. 206-207.

2. Compare M. Bolla and G. P. Tabone, Bronzistica figurata preromana e romana del Civico Museo Archeologico “Giovio” di Como (Como, 1996) 44-55, nos. A19-32, esp. A19.

Lisa M. Anderson

Publication History

  • [Reproduction Only], Persephone, (Fall 2006).

Subjects and Contexts

  • Ancient Bronzes

Related Works

Verification Level

This record has been reviewed by the curatorial staff but may be incomplete. Our records are frequently revised and enhanced. For more information please contact the Division of Asian and Mediterranean Art at am_asianmediterranean@harvard.edu